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This is a list of time zones, sorted by time offsets from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). Countries and regions observing the respective time zones are listed under it. This only gives current offsets. For more detailed and historic information, these zones must be divided. One list that does so is the list of tz database time zones. Also see a helpful map (which is not necessarily completely up to date).

The letter after the time zone offset is that used in nautical time. The dagger symbol (†) indicates the usage of a nautical time zone letter outside of the standard definition of that time zone.

Regions marked with asterisks (* or **) observe daylight saving time: add one hour in summer (* for Northern Hemisphere summer; ** for Southern Hemisphere). Note, some locations use GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) instead of UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) in the definition of local time. For the purposes of this summary, the distinction is ignored.

Some zones north-south of each other in the mid Pacific differ by 24 hours in time: they have the same time of day but differ by a full day. The two extreme time zones on Earth (both in the mid Pacific) differ by 26 hours. A particular day starts earlier in countries with a more positive UTC offset. Thus the first occurrence of a date will be in UTC+14 and the last of the same date in UTC−12. This gives the interesting feature that during one hour each day there are three different dates in use on land around the world, e.g. at 10:30 UTC Monday it is already Tuesday in the Line Islands (UTC+14; local time 00:30) while it is Sunday in American Samoa (UTC−11; local time 23:30).[1]

Time zone abbreviations are almost always customary, not legal — those listed here only exist in English and are somewhat arbitrary. English time zone names below generally only apply to English-speaking areas.

File:Standart Time Zones 2012.png
Standard Time Zones Map, since December 30, 2011

UTC−12:00, Y

UTC−11:00, X

Principal cities: Pago Pago, Alofi

UTC−10:00, W

Principal cities: Papeete, Honolulu

UTC−09:30, V†

Principal cities: Taiohae

UTC−09:00, V

Principal cities: Anchorage, Juneau, Mangareva

UTC−08:00, U

Principal cities: Seattle, Portland, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Las Vegas, Vancouver, Whitehorse, Tijuana

UTC−07:00, T

Principal cities: Denver, Phoenix, Salt Lake City, Calgary, Yellowknife, Hermosillo, Ciudad Juárez, Mazatlán

UTC−06:00, S

Principal cities: Belize City, Chicago, Dallas, Guadalajara, Guatemala City, Houston, Managua, Mexico City, Minneapolis, Monterrey, New Orleans, Regina, St. Louis, San José, San Salvador, Tegucigalpa, Winnipeg

UTC−05:00, R

Principal cities: Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Washington, D.C., Atlanta, Miami, Cleveland, Cincinnati, Detroit, Lima, Ottawa, Montréal, Québec, Quito, Toronto, Bogotá, Havana, Port-au-Prince, Kingston, Iqaluit

UTC−04:30, Q†

Principal cities: Caracas

UTC−04:00, Q

Principal cities: Santiago de Chile, La Paz, San Juan de Puerto Rico, Rio Branco, Halifax

UTC−03:30, P†

Principal cities: Saint John's

UTC−03:00, P

Principal cities: Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Recife, Nuuk, Buenos Aires, Montevideo, Cayenne

During 2011 and 2012, UTC offset is UTC−03:00, because DST is applied on a trial basis year round.

UTC−02:00, O

Principal cities: Vila dos Remedios, King Edward Point

UTC−01:00, N

Principal cities: Praia, Ponta Delgada

UTC±00:00, Z

Principal cities: London, Dublin, Abidjan, Casablanca, Accra, Lisbon

UTC+01:00, A

Principal cities: Amsterdam, Belgrade, Berlin, Budapest, Vienna, Prague, Brussels, Kinshasa, Lagos, Madrid, Paris, Zagreb, Rome, Stockholm, Oslo, Warsaw, Skopje

UTC+02:00, B

Principal cities: Athens, Sofia, Cairo, Riga, Istanbul, Helsinki, Jerusalem, Johannesburg, Bucharest, Vilnius

UTC+03:00, C

Principal cities: Nairobi, Baghdad, Khartoum, Mogadishu, Riyadh

UTC+03:30, C†

Principal cities: Tehran

UTC+04:00, D

Principal cities: Baku, Tbilisi, Yerevan, Dubai, Moscow

UTC+04:30, D†

Principal cities: Kabul

UTC+05:00, E

Principal cities: Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad, Tashkent

UTC+05:30, E†

Principal cities: Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Chennai, Colombo, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Mumbai, Thiruvananthapuram

UTC+05:45, E†

Principal cities: Kathmandu, Pokhara

UTC+06:00, F

Principal cities: Astana, Almaty, Bishkek, Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna, Sylhet, Thimphu

UTC+06:30, F†

Principal cities: Yangon, Mandalay

UTC+07:00, G

Principal cities: Jakarta, Bangkok, Phnom Pehn, Hanoi

UTC+08:00, H

Principal cities: Perth, Beijing, Manila, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Denpasar, Krasnoyarsk

Western Australia began a three-year trial of summer (daylight saving) time on December 3, 2006. Daylight saving time was used from October through March, with the late start in 2006 due to late passage of the relevant legislation. A referendum held on May 19, 2009 resulted in a majority vote against daylight saving, which is therefore not currently used in WA.

The whole of the People's Republic of China has the same time, which makes this time zone exceptionally wide. In the extreme west of China the sun is at its highest at 15:00, in the extreme east at 11:00. It also means that on the short (76 km) frontier with Afghanistan, the official time change is 3 hours and 30 minutes. The two western autonomous regions of China, Xinjiang and Tibet, were in UTC+6 during the Republic era (1912–1949), but were moved to UTC+8 after the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949. Today, residents of the two autonomous regions do everything 2 hours late. For example, lunch is at 14:00 and business hours end around 19:00.[citation needed]

In 1904, Royal Observatory Hong Kong began to adopt Greenwich Mean Time as the basis for Hong Kong Time (8 hours in advance of Greenwich Mean Time).[8] The practice pre-dates the establishment of Republic of China (1911)[9] and People's Republic of China (1949).[10] Prior World War II, the Hong Kong Time was determined by astronomical observations at the Observatory using a 6-inch Lee Equatorial and a 3-inch Transit Circle.[8] Now, the current time can be obtained from the Observatory's Network Time Server.

The more populous Peninsular Malaysia is geographically in UTC+7, but changed to UTC+8 in 1982 to follow that of Malaysian Borneo (which makes up only 20% of total population), so that the whole country lies in the same time zone.[11]

In 1895, when Japan took over the island of Taiwan (including the Pescadores), Taiwan was placed within Japan's Western Standard Time (UTC+8) along with the Yaeyama Islands and Miyako Island (now the southwestern part of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan). However, in 1937, Japan abolished its Western Standard Time so Taiwan then observed Japan Standard Time (UTC+09:00). Taiwan reverted back to UTC+08 after World War II with intermittent usage of daylight saving time until 1979.

UTC+08:45, H†

Principal cities: Eucla

UTC+09:00, I

Principal cities: Seoul, Tokyo

UTC+09:30, I†

Principal cities: Adelaide, Darwin

UTC+10:00, K

Principal cities: Sydney, Melbourne, Yakutsk, Port Moresby

UTC+10:30, K†

UTC+11:00, L

Principal cities: Vladivostok, Noumea, Port Vila

UTC+11:30, L†

UTC+12:00, M

Principal cities: Auckland, Wellington, Suva, Magadan

Kwajalein, Eniwetok, and Bikini atolls in the Marshall Islands used to be on UTC−12. Kwajalein advanced 24 hours to the eastern hemisphere side of the International Date Line by skipping August 21, 1993. Eniwetok and Bikini probably advanced even earlier, when the U.S. military relinquished its control of them.[12]

UTC+12:45, M†

UTC+13:00, M†

Principal cities: Apia, Nukualofa

UTC+14:00, M†

See also

References

  1. "The World Clock - Time Zones". TimeDateTool.com. Retrieved 2008-02-20.[dead link]
  2. "Time zone in Guatemala". Time and Date.com. Retrieved 2009-05-24.
  3. "Times are a' changing in Georgia". BBC News. June 27, 2004. Retrieved 2007-09-24.
  4. "Time zone in Tbilisi". Time and Date.com. Retrieved 2007-09-24.
  5. "Time zone in Colombo". Time and Date.com. Retrieved 2007-09-24.
  6. Chadwick, Mike (December 28, 1997). "To Every Times, There Is A Purpose". St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved 2007-09-24.
  7. "Time zone in Bishkek". Time and Date.com. Retrieved 2007-09-24.
  8. 8.0 8.1 History of Hong Kong Time Service, retrieved 2009-05-22
  9. The Chinese Revolution of 1911, retrieved 2009-05-22
  10. Zedong, Mao (1949), Proclaimation of the establishment of the People's Republic of China, retrieved 2009-05-22
  11. 11.0 11.1 Aslaksen, Helmer. "Why is Singapore in the "Wrong" Time Zone?". NUS: Department of Mathematics. Retrieved 2007-09-24.
  12. "In Marshall Islands, Friday Is Followed by Sunday". New York Times. August 22, 1993. Retrieved 2007-09-24.

External links

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