https://worldafropedia.com/wiki/index.php?title=Ethereum&feed=atom&action=historyEthereum - Revision history2024-03-28T15:35:29ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.35.0https://worldafropedia.com/wiki/index.php?title=Ethereum&diff=42644&oldid=prevKofi: 1 revision imported2015-03-02T03:05:01Z<p>1 revision imported</p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="1" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="1" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 03:05, 2 March 2015</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-notice" lang="en"><div class="mw-diff-empty">(No difference)</div>
</td></tr></table>Kofihttps://worldafropedia.com/wiki/index.php?title=Ethereum&diff=42643&oldid=prev*>Greenrd: bug bounty2015-02-21T17:15:47Z<p>bug bounty</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Infobox software<br />
| title = Ethereum Software<br />
| logo = ETHEREUM-YOUTUBE-PROFILE-PIC.png<br />
| logo caption = <br />
| logo size = 80<br />
| screenshot = <br />
| caption = <br />
| collapsible = <br />
| author = Vitalik Buterin, Gavin Wood<br />
| developer = Gavin Wood, Jeffrey Wilcke, heikoheiko, et al<br />
| released =<br />
| discontinued =<br />
| frequently updated = <br />
| programming language = C++, Go, JavaScript, Python, Java, node.js<br />
| operating system = [[Linux]], [[POSIX]], [[Windows]], [[OS X]]<br />
| platform =<br />
| size =<br />
| language =<br />
| status =<br />
| genre = [[Decentralized computing]]<br />
| license = GPL3, MIT, LGPL, et al<br />
| website = {{URL|https://www.ethereum.org/}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Infobox currency<br />
| currency_name = Ethereum Currency<br />
| currency_name_in_local = Ether<br />
| image_1 = <br />
| image_title_1 = <br />
| image_width_1 = <br />
| image_2 = <br />
| image_title =<br />
| image_width_2 = <br />
|issuing_authority = [[Decentralised system|Decentralized]]<br />
| issuing_authority_title = Administration<br />
|Current Release = Proof of Concept version 7<ref name="GitHub">{{cite web|title=Proof-of-Concept VII|date=19 December 2014|accessdate=December 19, 2014|url=https://github.com/ethereum/cpp-ethereum/releases}}</ref><br />
|symbol = [[Ξ]]<ref name="Forum">{{cite web|title=The symbol for Ether is...|date=7 June 2014|accessdate=August 14, 2014|url=http://forum.ethereum.org/discussion/comment/4823/}}</ref><br />
|currency code = ETH<br />
|nickname = <br />
|subunit_ratio_1 = 1<br />
|subunit_name_1 = ether<ref name=whitepaper>{{cite journal | last=Buterin | first=Vitalik | authorlink=Vitalik Buterin | url=https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/%5BEnglish%5D-White-Paper | title=[English] White Paper: A Next-Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized Application Platform | work=ethereum / wiki on GitHub | publisher=Self-published | accessdate=11 April 2014 }}</ref><br />
|subunit_ratio_2 = 10<sup>−3</sup> <br />
|subunit_name_2 = finney<br />
|subunit_ratio_3 = 10<sup>−6</sup> <br />
|subunit_name_3 = szabo<br />
|subunit_ratio_4 = 10<sup>−9</sup><br />
|subunit_name_4 = shannon<br />
|subunit_ratio_5 = 10<sup>−12</sup><br />
|subunit_name_5 = babbage<br />
|subunit_ratio_6 = 10<sup>−15</sup> <br />
|subunit_name_6 = lovelaces<br />
|subunit_ratio_7 = 10<sup>−18</sup><br />
|subunit_name_7 = wei<br />
|frequently_used_coins =<br />
|mint =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Ethereum''' is a [[decentralized]] Web 3.0 publishing platform featuring stateful user-created [[smart contracts|digital contracts]] and a [[Turing-complete]] [[contract programming]] language. Ethereum uses its underlying network unit, '''Ether''', as payment to execute Ethereum contracts as a workaround to the [[Halting problem|Halting Problem]]. In this respect, Ethereum is unlike most cryptocurrencies, as it is not solely a network for transacting monetary value, rather, it is a network for powering Ethereum-based contracts. These open-ended contracts can be used to securely execute a wide variety of services including: voting systems, [[domain name registry|domain name registries]], financial exchanges, crowdfunding platforms, company governance, self-enforcing contracts and agreements, intellectual property, smart property, and [[distributed autonomous organization]]s. The platform was initially described by [[Vitalik Buterin]] in late 2013,<ref>{{cite web|last=Buterin|first=Vitalik|date=2014-01-23|title=Ethereum: A Next-Generation Cryptocurrency and Decentralized Application Platform|url=http://bitcoinmagazine.com/9671/ethereum-next-generation-cryptocurrency-decentralized-application-platform/|work=Bitcoin Magazine|accessdate=9 April 2014}}</ref> formally described by Gavin Wood in early 2014 in the so-called Yellow Paper<ref>{{cite web|last=Wood|first=Gavin|date=2014-04-06|title=Ethereum: A Secure Decentralised Generalised Transaction Ledger|url=http://gavwood.com/Paper.pdf|work=Self published|accessdate=20 February 2015}}</ref> and will be released in early 2015. It is among a group of "next generation" (or "Bitcoin 2.0") platforms.<ref name=bloombergBitcoin2>{{cite web|last=Kharif|first=Olga|title=Bitcoin 2.0 Shows Technology Evolving Beyond Use as Money|date=2014-03-28|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-03-28/bitcoin-2-0-shows-technology-evolving-beyond-use-as-money.html/|work=Bloomberg News|accessdate=11 April 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
The stated purpose of the Ethereum project is to "decentralize the web" by introducing four components as part of its Web 3.0 roadmap: static content publication, dynamic messages, trustless transactions and an integrated user-interface. These are each designed to replace some aspect of the Web experience we currently take for granted, but to do so in a fully decentralised and pseudonymous manner.<ref>{{cite web|last=Wood|first=Gavin|date=2014-04-17|title=Less-techy: What is Web 3.0?|url=http://insightsintoamodernworld.blogspot.co.uk/|work=Insights into a Modern World|accessdate=25 August 2014}} {{dead link|date=October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Winters|first=Tristan|date=2014-04-25|title=Web 3.0 – A Chat With Ethereum’s Gavin Wood|url=http://bitcoinmagazine.com/12596/web-3-0-chat-ethereums-gavin-wood/|accessdate= January 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
The basic unit of the internal currency is called ether, which is divided into smaller units of currency called finney, szabo, shannon, babbage, lovelace, and wei.<ref name=whitepaper/> Each larger unit is equal to 1000 of the next lower unit, so 1000 finney is 1 ether, 1000 szabo is 1 finney, and so on.<ref name=whitepaper/><br />
<br />
==Development==<br />
The Development of Ethereum began in December 2013, with the first [[Go (programming language)|Go]] and [[C++]] proof of concept builds (PoC1) being released in early February 2014.<ref>{{cite web|last=Tual|first=Stephan|title=C++ Code+Build FAQ|url=http://forum.ethereum.org/discussion/170/c-code-build-faq|publisher=Ethereum|accessdate=3 September 2014}}</ref> Since then, several further PoC builds have been released, with PoC4 introducing the smart contract to higher level languages - Serpent ([[Python (programming language)|Python]] inspired), Mutan ([[Go (programming language)|Go]] inspired) and LLL ([[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]] inspired).<ref>{{cite web|last=Tual|first=Stephan|title=Writing Smart Contracts FAQ|url=http://forum.ethereum.org/discussion/505/writing-smart-contracts-faq-live-updates|publisher=Ethereum Forum|accessdate=3 August 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
In order to finance further development, Ethereum distributed the initial allocation of its internal network unit, ether, via a public sale. The sale lasted for 42 days, and resulted in the Ethereum project receiving 31,591 BTC of revenue.<ref>{{cite web|last=Buterin|first=Vitalik|title=Ethereum was second largest crowdsale in history?|url=http://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/2fhmzm/ethereum_was_second_largest_crowdsale_in_history/|publisher=Reddit|accessdate=8 September 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
PoC5, was released via [[GitHub]] on July 22, 2014 to coincide with the launch of the Ether pre sale, and included many changes from previous PoCs.<ref>{{cite web|last=Buterin|first=Vitalik|title=Launching the Ether Sale|url=https://blog.ethereum.org/2014/07/22/launching-the-ether-sale/|publisher=Ethereum Blog|accessdate=3 September 2014}}</ref> It was the first time that two clients, one written in [[C++]] and one in [[Go (programming language)|Go]], perfectly inter-operated with each other whilst processing on the same [[Block chain (transaction database)|blockchain]]. In August 2014, the [[Python (programming language)|Python]] client was also added to the list, and now a [[Java (programming language)|Java]] version is close to completion.<ref>{{cite web|last=Buterin|first=Vitalik|title=State of Ethereum: August Edition|url=https://blog.ethereum.org/2014/08/27/state-ethereum-august-edition/|publisher=Ethereum Blog|accessdate=3 September 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
PoC7 saw the introduction of the Solidity, a hybrid Javascript/C++ like language with a number of syntactic additions to make it suitable for writing contracts within Ethereum.<ref>{{cite web|last=Wood|first=Gavin|title=CPP Ethereum Home|url=https://github.com/ethereum/cpp-ethereum/wiki/Solidity,-Docs-and-ABI|publisher=GitHub|accessdate=8 December 2014}}</ref> Block times were reduced from 60 seconds to 12 seconds. This was done using a new GHOST-based protocol that expands upon previous efforts at reducing the block time to 60 seconds.<ref>{{cite web|last=Buterin|first=Vitalik|title=Toward a 12-second Block Time|url=https://blog.ethereum.org/2014/07/11/toward-a-12-second-block-time/|publisher=Ethereum Blog|accessdate=3 September 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
Currently, Ethereum is in the process of using an initial quantity of funds (generated through the Ether Sale) that have already been withdrawn from the Ethereum exodus address to expand its operations. Eth Dev (the entity responsible for delivering Ethereum 1.0) development teams based in Berlin, Amsterdam and London are focusing on the implementation and completion of PoC8, the next version in the series. PoC8 will see the inception of both an internal and a massive external security audit with established software security firms, academics, blockchain research firms and companies interested in utilising Ethereum all taking part.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hallam|first=George|title=ÐΞVcon-0 Recap|url=https://blog.ethereum.org/2014/12/05/d%CE%BEvcon-0-recap/|publisher=Ethereum|accessdate=19 December 2014}}</ref> A bug bounty program aimed at the community has also been implemented.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ethereum Bounty Program|url=https://bounty.ethdev.com/|publisher=Ethereum|accessdate=21 February 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
Ethereum is an [[open source]] project, with anyone being able to contribute to the existing proof-of-concept codebases.<ref>{{cite web|last=Wood|first=Gavin|title=CPP Ethereum Home|url=https://github.com/ethereum/cpp-ethereum/wiki|publisher=GitHub|accessdate=3 September 2014}} {{cite web|last=Wilcke|first=Jeffrey|title=Go Ethereum Home|url=https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wiki|publisher=GitHub|accessdate=1 September 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Reception==<br />
The platform has received attention in [[Wired (magazine)|Wired]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Geek's Guide to the Galaxy|work=Wired|title=A Futurist on Why Lawyers Will Start Becoming Obsolete This Year|date=2014-03-28|url=http://www.wired.com/2014/03/geeks-guide-karl-schroeder/|accessdate=6 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Finley|first=Kurt|date=2014-01-27|title=Out in the Open: Teenage Hacker Transforms Web Into One Giant Bitcoin Network|url=http://www.wired.com/2014/01/ethereum/|work=Wired|accessdate=6 April 2014}}</ref> [[The Globe and Mail]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Gray|first=Jeff|work=The Globe and Mail|publisher=Phillip Crawley|date=2014-04-07|title=Bitcoin believers: Why digital currency backers are keeping the faith|url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/economy/currencies/bitcoin-believers-why-digital-currency-backers-are-keeping-the-faith/article17840246/?page=all|accessdate=6 April 2014}}</ref> SiliconANGLE,<ref>{{cite web|last=Cox|first=Ryan|title=Can Ethereum kill Bitcoin with self-executing contracts?|url=http://siliconangle.com/blog/2014/02/12/can-ethereum-kill-bitcoin-with-self-executing-contracts/|work=SiliconANGLE|accessdate=6 April 2014}}</ref> [[Yahoo News]],<ref>(January 29, 2014)[http://finance.yahoo.com/news/ethereum-listens-community-releasing-testnet-174950039.html Ethereum Listens to Community, Releasing Testnet Prior to Raising]. Yahoo Finance. Retrieved 10 June 2014.</ref> [[Medium.com]]<ref>[https://medium.com/p/4790bf5f7743 Ethereum: A Social Operating System]. Stephan Tual. Retrieved 10 June 2014.</ref> [[Al Jazeera]],<ref>Nathan Schneider (7 April 2014). [http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/4/7/code-your-own-utopiameetethereumbitcoinasmostambitioussuccessor.html Code your own utopia: Meet Ethereum, bitcoin’s most ambitious successor]. Al Jazeera America. Retrieved 10 June 2014.</ref> [[Forbes]],<ref>Kashmir Hill (8 April 2014). [http://www.forbes.com/sites/kashmirhill/2014/04/08/beyond-bitcoin-crypto-ownership-companies-hope-youre-ready-to-decentralize-everything-on-the-internet/ Beyond Bitcoin: Crypto-Ownership Companies Hope You're Ready To Decentralize Everything On The Internet]. Forbes.com. Retrieved 10 June 2014.</ref> [[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/internet/11284538/Soon-the-internet-will-be-impossible-to-control.html Soon, the internet will be impossible to control]. Jamie Bartlett. Retrieved 19 December 2014.</ref> and the [[Keiser Report]].<ref>[http://www.maxkeiser.com/2014/03/kr569-keiser-report-new-crypto-phenomenon-ethereum/ Keiser Report: New Crypto Phenomenon Ethereum]. Max Keiser. Retrieved 10 June 2014.</ref><br />
<br />
Primavera De Filippi, a postdoctoral researcher at the CERSA / CNRS / [[Panthéon-Assas University]], spoke on the legal implications of Ethereum at Harvard on 15 April 2014.<ref>{{cite web|last=di Filippi|first=Primavera|title=Ethereum: Freenet or Skynet ?|url=http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/events/luncheon/2014/04/difilippi|work=Berkman Center for Internet & Society|publisher=Harvard University|accessdate=10 April 2014}}</ref> University of Toronto doctoral student Quinn DuPont discusses the shift from Bitcoin to Ethereum (as part of a broader shift to ubiquitous cryptography) in a public lecture at Dalhousie University on October 2, 2014.<ref>{{cite web|last=DuPont|first=Quinn|title=A Rational Economy? From Bitcoin to Ubiquitous Cryptography|url=https://blogs.dal.ca/sim/2014/09/25/im-public-lecture-quinn-dupont/|work=IM Public Lecture|publisher=Dalhousie University|accessdate=29 September 2014}}</ref> [[Steve Randy Waldman]] described it as a tool that can be used for 'engineering distributed economic security'.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Waldman|first1=Steve Randy|authorlink=Steve Randy Waldman|title=Engineering Economic Security|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4CFlA8TdWmk|publisher=YouTube|accessdate=27 July 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{Official website|https://www.ethereum.org/}}<br />
* [https://forum.ethereum.org/ Ethereum Forum]<br />
* [https://github.com/ethereum/ Ethereum on GitHub]<br />
* [http://www.youtube.com/user/EtherCasts Ethercasts Youtube channel]<br />
* [http://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/ Ethereum Subreddit]<br />
* [http://bitbybit.co/pr-branding-bitcoin-digital-currency/bitcoin-brand-development-richard-stott-ethereum-creative/ Developing the Ethereum Brand]<br />
<br />
{{Cryptocurrencies}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Cryptocurrencies]]<br />
[[Category:Internet privacy software]]<br />
[[Category:Cross-platform software]]</div>*>Greenrd