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File:Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey.pdf Lua error in Module:Infobox at line 416: attempt to call field '_main' (a nil value). Born in Saint Ann's Bay, Jamaica, Marcus Garvey formed his early ideas of black separatism under the island's caste system. In 1914, he formed the Universal Negro Improvement Association to promote black self-reliance. Garvey moved to the U.S. in 1916 and spread his beliefs with his Negro World newspaper. His paper and ideas were very successful, but he never achieved his dream of blacks returning to Africa. In 1922, Garvey was arrested and later convicted of mail fraud in connection with his Black Star Steamship Line. After his deportation to Jamaica in 1927, he never regained a leadership role.

Dedicated To THE TRUE AND LOYAL MEMBERS OF THE UNIVERSAL NEGRO IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION In The Cause Of AFRICAN REDEMPTION